There are several basic types of metal detectors. Some of them are no longer relevant and are not made, but so far still apply. The nature of the metal detectors are divided into static and dynamic , and on the nature of electronic devices which are used in their construction to the analog and microprocessor . Knowledge of equipment used in any hobby , is the basis of success.
The main types of metal detectors
Metal detectors BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillation ) . It is one of the first type of metal detectors . The operation principle is based on comparing the frequency of the reference frequency and the LC – oscillator includes a coil which search head . If the head misses the search area to a black or non-ferrous metal , the frequency of LC – oscillator decreases or increases . The difference frequency LC – generator and standard output to the audio (visual ) indication. The operating frequency of 40-500 kHz. In the most common devices used only sound indication .
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BFO metal detector has a shallow depth of detection, low sensitivity and stable performance, low results when searching the salty , humid and mineralized ground . BFO Metal Detector – one of the older types of metal detectors. Professional manufacturers of metal detectors do not use technology BFO, but made earlier devices still used by search engines .
Metal detectors TR (Transmitter – Reciver) . One of the earliest types of metal detectors. The device operation is based on the principle of induction balance . Device has spaced apart , arranged orthogonally to the coil or two balanced coils arranged in a single plane ( head search ) . The main characteristics of the TR metal detector is a great depth of detection ( in weakly mineralized and not littered the ground ), the ability to distinguish between black and non-ferrous metal. The operating frequency of 50-100 kHz.
The device is useless when looking at the salty soil and of strongly . TR technology is used in conjunction with other technology – VLF. TR metal detector – one of the older types of metal detectors.
Metal Detector VLF (Very Low Frequency ) . One of the most common types of metal detectors and sophisticated now. The operating frequency of less than 20 kHz. After the device is based on the principle of inductive balance using very low operating frequencies and analyzing the phase shift between the signal in the transmitting and receiving coil. The phase shift varies depending on the conductivity of the metal. This makes it easy to distinguish black from colored metal and non-ferrous metals together ( silver, copper , bronze , lead) .
The instrument can produce a selective discrimination of metals and detuning from the influence of the soil. Specialized metal detectors to search for gold are operating frequency range of 20-70 kHz.
VLF / TR detector (Very Low Frequency / Transmitter – Reciver ) . One type of metal detector that combines technology and VLF TR. The device of this type involves the analysis of the phase characteristics of the signal , so it is easy to distinguish between ferrous and nonferrous metals, a high sensitivity and resolution , which depends on the diameter of the search coil .
With the increasing coil diameter increases the depth of detection. But it is difficult to find small objects . The functionality of the metal detector can simultaneously tune out trash and the ground effect .
PI metal detector (Pulse Induction ) . After the device is based on the principle of inductive balance using pulsed electromagnetic field analysis and damped by eddy currents purpose. The eddy currents are damped by mineral soil is much faster than the currents from the metallic target . That is why the PI metal detector least affected by mineralized soil and salty environment is the most sensitive of all types of metal detectors.
Detection depth PI metal detector when searching in the wet soil and salty environment is greater than that of the more common VLF metal detectors. Hard and dry soil reduces the depth of detection. The disadvantages are the high sensitivity to ferrous metals and certain difficulties with discrimination. However, in some cases, PI metal detector is superior to all other types (for example, a search on the bottom of the sea).
Metal detectors RF (Radio Frequency ). This high-frequency variant TR metal detector . After the device is based on the principle of inductive balance diversity receiving and transmitting coil space. The receiving coil receives a reflected signal from the metal surface , the emitted transmitting coil .
This specialized type of metal detectors used to find large objects and mineral deposits at depth . All types of metal exceeds the depth of detection , but can not distinguish between ferrous and nonferrous metals , feels small targets (coins and other objects of similar size ) . Depth detect large objects depending on the type of soil of 1 to 9m . RF two-box is used in various industries and at the same time is very useful and sometimes indispensable tool for many treasure hunters and hiding places .
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